Liquids in cabin baggage: understanding the 100 ml rule

At airport security, a nearly empty bottle may still be refused if the container itself is too large. To avoid a surprise, here is how the rule for liquids, aerosols and gels works when departing from airports in the European Union.

100 ml containers and a clear bag

The European Commission specifies individual containers with a maximum capacity of 100 ml, together in a transparent, resealable one-litre plastic bag. It is the capacity of the container that counts: a half-full 200 ml bottle does not meet the limit. Keep the bag ready to show if a security officer asks for it.

What counts as a liquid?

Besides water, think of gels, creams, lotions, perfume, aerosols and pastes such as toothpaste. If you are unsure how a product is treated, check the guidance from your departure airport or put it in checked baggage when permitted.

Know the exceptions

Liquids needed during the journey for medical reasons or special dietary requirements, including baby food, may be exempt. Duty-free purchases may also be allowed under certain conditions, such as remaining in a sealed security bag with proof of purchase. Present these items at screening and follow local instructions, particularly when connecting.

Check departure, connections and return

Screening equipment and practical procedures can differ between airports. Check the rules for every airport on your itinerary. If you are travelling outside the EU, consult the local authority and airline too.

• Check the capacity printed on every container.
• Prepare a transparent, resealable one-litre bag.
• Keep items covered by an exception easy to present.
• Review the guidance for each airport on your journey.

The official reference is the European Commission’s guidance on liquids in cabin baggage.